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ACTION NEA-10
INFO OCT-01 ISO-00 AID-05 CIAE-00 COME-00 EB-07 FRB-03
INR-07 NSAE-00 USIA-06 TRSE-00 XMB-02 OPIC-03 SP-02
CIEP-01 LAB-04 SIL-01 OMB-01 AGR-05 PA-01 PRS-01
STR-04 IO-11 /075 W
--------------------- 109786
R 121011Z MAR 76
FM AMEMBASSY NEW DELHI
TO SECSTATE WASHDC 4615
INFO AMCONSUL BOMBAY
AMECONSUL CALCUTTA
AMCONSUL MADRAS
AMEMBASSY DACCA
AMEMBASSY ISLAMABAD
AMEMBASSY KATHMANDU
LIMITED OFFICIAL USE NEW DELHI 3762
E. O. 11652: N/A
TAGS: ECON, IN
SUBJECT: ANALYSIS OF GOI ECONOMIC SURVEY 1975-76
REF: NEW DELHI 3650
SUMMARY. GOI'S LATES ANNUAL ECONOMIC SURVEY CONTINUES THE HIGH
STANDARDS OF ITS PREDECESSORS. ALTHOUGH WE AGREE WITH MAJOR ASPECTS
OF THE OFFICIAL REPORT - I. E. THIS PAST YEAR HAS BEEN BETTER
THAN AVERAGE FOR THE INDIAN ECONOMY, WE THINK SOME OF ITS ESTIMATES
OF 1975-76 ECONOMIC TRENDS ARE SLIGHTLY OPTIMISTIC. THE PICTURE
IN MUCH OF THE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR IS STILL TROUBLED, AND OUR CON-
SULATES REPORT THAT MANY FIRMS ARE FACED BY CONTINUED SLACK DEMAND
AND ACCUMULATION OF LARGE INVENTORIES. BUSINESSMEN ARE CLEARLY
HOPING FOR AN EXPANSIONARY 1976-77 BUDGET THAT WILL STIMULATE
THE ECONOMY AND LEAD TO INCREASED CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION.
FASTER ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE FUTURE WILL REQUIRE INCREASED
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INVESTMENT, AND THE GOI IS PLANNING A SUBSTANTIAL BOOST IN DEVELOP-
MENT EXPENDITURES. THE OPTIMISTIIC TONE OF THE ECONOMIC SURVEY
REFLECTS GREATER GOI CONFIDENCE AND A BELIEF THAT INDIA IS PRESENT-
LY LESS VULNERABLE TO EXTERNAL ECONOMIC PROBLEMS AND, THERE,
MORE ABLE TO ACCEPT WITH EQUANIMITY SUCH ACTIONS AS USG FAILURE
TO OFFER AID. END SUMMARY.
1. THE EONCOMIC SURVEY CONTINUES TO BE A FIRST-CLASS ECONOMIC
DOCUMENT. ITS OPTIMISTIC TONE IS AN ACCURATE REFLECTION OF THE
FACT THAT THE INDIAN ECONOMY HAS JUST EXPERIENCED A GOOD YEAR,
PRIMAIRLY BECAUSE OF LAST SUMMER'S VERY FAVORABLE MONSOON. NEVER-
THE LESS, WE BELIEVE THAT SOME OF THE OFFICIAL ESTIMATES OF 1975-76
ECONOMIC TRENDS ARE A LITTLE TOO OPTIMISTIC. WE ARE STILL STICK-
ING TO OUR ESTIMATE OF FOODGRAINS OUTPUT THIS CROP YEAR OF 109-111
MILLION MT (IN CONTRAST TO THE OFFICIAL PROJECTION OF 114 MILLION
MT). LIMITED FERTILIZER USAGE, DRY WEATHER IN JANUARY, SCATTERED
REPORTS OF HAIL, AND SOME INCIDENCE OF LOOSE SMUT IN WHEAT HAVE
PROBABLY AFFECTED TO SOME EXTENT THE CURRENT SPRING RABI CROP.
THE OVERALL INCREASE IN INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION IS LIKELY TO
BE CLOSE TO FOUR PERCENT (RATHER THAN 4.5 PRCENT). AS A RESULT,
NATIONAL INCOME GROWTH MAY BE AROUND FIVE PERCENT. BUT THESE
MINOR DISAGREEMENTS DO NOT CHANGE THE BASIC PICTURE PRESENTED
INNTHE SURVEY.
2. THE GOI HAS BEEN PURSUING A STRATEGY OF HAVING THE AGRICULTURAL
SECTOR STIMULATE THE REST OF THE ECONOMY. IT DOES NOT APPEAR
TO BE WORKING. OUR CONSULATES REPORT THAT DEMAND FOR TEXTILES
HAS NOT PICKED UP, CONTRARY TO WHAT WE HAD EXPECTED EARLIER.
ALTHOUGH INDIAN FARMERS HAD A BUMPER KHARIF (FALL) HARVEST,
THERE IS YET NO STIMULUS IN RURAL DEMAND. IT MAY BE THAT THE
LOWER PRICES RECEIVED BY FARMERS HAVE JUST ABOUT OFFSET THE INCREASED
KHARIF OUTPUT.
3. THE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR STILL PRESENTS A DIVERSE AND, IN MANY
CASES, TROUBLED PICTURE. ACCORDING TO CONSULATE REPORTS ON INDUS-
TRIAL CONDITIONS IN THEIR RESPECTIVE DISTRICTS, FIRMS PRODUCING
CONSUMER DURABLES, SOME ENGINEERING GOODS, PLASTICS, AUTOMOBILES
AND ANCILLARY ITEMS CONTINUE TO EXPERIENCE INSUFFICIENT CONSUMER
DEMAND. ALTHOUGH PUBLIC SECTOR ENTERPRISES ARE PRODUCING MORE,
INVENTORIES OF COAL AND STEEL ARE PILING UP. INDUSTRY IN THE
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CALCUTTA AREA APPEARS TO BE THE MOST DEPRESSED. BUSINESSMEN EVERY-
WHERE ARE LOOKING FORWARD TO THE PRESENTATION OF THE 1976-77
BUDGET NXT WEEK IN THE HOPE THAT IT WILL CONTAIN STIMULATIVE
TAX AND SPENDING MEASURES WHICH WILL LEAD TO GREATER DEMAND AND
PRODUCTION. (NEW DELHI A-49).
4. LOOKING TOWARD THE COMING FISCAL YEAR, IT REMAINS TO BE
SEEN WHETHER THE GOI CAN MAKE A MAJOR BREAKTHROUGH IN STEPPING
UP ECONOMIC GROWTH. POLICY MAKERS INCREASINGLY RECOGNIZE THAT
THE RATE OF INVESTMENT IN PARTICULAR AND OF SAVINGS MUST BE IN-
CREASED, BUT THIS TAKES TIME. PRIVATE SECTOR INVESTMENT IS NOW
AT A LOW EBB, AND A NUMBER OF INGREDIENTS ARE NEEDED, INCLUDING
MORE CONFIDENCE ABOUT FUTURE ECONOMIC RETURNS AND AN END TO
SPIRALING CAPITAL COSTS, BEFORE IT CAN GO UP SUBSTANTIALLY.
BOTH PUBLIC AND PRIVATE INVESTMENT NEEDS TO BE RATIONALIZED
AND MADE MORE PRODUCTIVE. THE GOVERNMENT IS PLANNING TO
INCREASE DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURES SIGNIFICANTLY IN 1976-77,
BUT IT MUST BE VERY CAREFUL NOT TO REKINDLE PRICE PRESSURES.
WE THINK THAT GOI MONETARY POLICIES ARE FAIRLY SENSIBLE AND THAT
POLICYMAKERS RECOGNIZE THE DANGERS OF INFLATION. CONSUMER DEMAND
FOR MANY INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS WILL PROBABLY REVIVE, BUT ONLY
GRADUALLY. FINALLY, A POOR MONSOON IN THIS AGRICULTURALLY- DEPEN-
DENT ECONOMY COULD SET BACK PRESENTLY FAVORABLE ECONOMIC
PROSPECTS IN THE COMING YEAR.
5. THE ECONOMIC SURVEY IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT REFLECTS OFFICIAL
PERCENTIONS. THE GOI IS PLAINLY ENCOURAGED ABOUT PRESENT
ECONOMIC TRENDS. NOT ONLY IS OUTPUT UP AND PRICES DOWN, BUT
FOOD BUFFER STOCKS HAVE BEEN REPLENISHED MORE RAPIDLY THAN HAD BEEN
ANTICIPATED AND ARE NOW AT VERY HIGH LEVELS, WHICH THE GOVERNMENT
BELIEVES WILL ALLOW THEECONOMY TO RIDE OUT A POOR HARVEST.
THE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS SITUATION IS RELATIVELY COMFORTABLE.
LARGE BUT NO LONGER INCREASING AMOUNTS OF EXTERNAL ASSISTANCE
WILL STILL BE NEEDED TO OFFSET TRADE DEFICITS, BUT THE GOI IS
COUNTING ON THE WORLD BANK AND THE USUAL DONOR COUNTRIES TO COME
THROUGH. IMPROVED ECONOMIC CONDITIONS THEREBY GIVE TOP INDIAN
OFFICIALS A SENSE OF CONFIDENCE. THEY NOW FEEL LESS VULNERABLE
TO REAL OR PERCEIVED EXTERNAL ECONOMIC PRESSURES, SUCH AS USG
FAILURE TO OFFER AID.
SHNEIDER
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